Chapter Four : Hydrostatics

موضوع: Chapter Four : Hydrostatics السبت يناير 12, 2008 1:47 am

Terms - Chapter Four : Hydrostatics

I) Definitions and Basic concepts and Formuals:

1- The density ( Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122260

) :-
- is the mass of unit volume.
- is given by: Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0035

- Is measured in kg / m³
2- Relative density : R.D
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122264

3- The pressure at a point: P
- Is the average force acting normally on a unit surface area surrounding this point:
- Is given by: Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122265

- Is measured in: N / m ²
4- The pressure at a point inside liquid of density r at depth h below its free surface:
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122266

- All points inside the same liquid and lie at the same horizontal plane have the same pressure.
5- The atmospheric pressure: Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122267

- is a phenomenon related to the weight of the atmosphere of earth.
- Is measured by "Barometers".
- The normal atmospheric pressure: "atm" is equivalent to the pressure produced by the weight of a column of Hg of 0.76 m height and base area 1 m² at 0 ^o C units of atomspheric pressure are:
a- Pascal (1N/m²)
b- Bar (10⁵ N/m²)
c- Cm Hg
d- Torr (mm Hg)
6- When two liquid are balanced in U-shaped tube:
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics PHE122269

7- The manometer is an instrument for measuring the difference in the pressure of a gas inside a container and the outer atmospheric pressure.
- The pressure of gas is given by:
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0036

Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0036

8- Pascal's principle:
"The pressure applied to an enclosed liquid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of liquid and to walls of container."
9- The hydraulic press:
- It is used to left heavy weights using small forces
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0037

Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0037

- In order to measure the distance moved by the small piston y₁ use the relation: Fy₁ = Fy₂
10- Archimedes principle:
- "A body immersed wholly or partially in a fluid experiences an upthrust force (buoyant force) in the vertical direction equal to the weight of displaced fluid by the body.
- It is given by:
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0038

Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0038

"r_L" density of fluid
"V_ol ": volume of displaced fluid.

- Law of floatation:-
Chapter Four : Hydrostatics BR-PHE12-0039

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